Journal: Journal of Ginseng Research

Article Title: Protein target identification of ginsenosides in skeletal muscle tissues: discovery of natural small-molecule activators of muscle-type creatine kinase

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: PPD enhanced the CK/PCr system functions by activating CK-MM activity in the skeletal muscle tissues of mice. (A) PPD was administered daily profess to be convinced (p.o.) to the mice, and the control group of mice was given the vehicle. After treatment for 3 weeks, CK-MM activity in skeletal muscle tissues was calculated using the standard curve of purified mouse CK-MM following the manufacturer's protocol and expressed as U/g skeletal muscle tissue (mean ± SEM, n = 10). (B) CK-MM protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. (C) Values of CK-MM levels were normalized against the amount of β-tubulin (mean ± SEM, n = 10). (D) Muscular CK-MM mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR, and relative expression was calculated using the 2 −ΔΔCt method (mean ± SEM, n = 10). (E) PCr content in skeletal muscle tissues was measured using ion-pairing HPLC–UV and expressed as nmol/g skeletal muscle tissue (mean ± SEM, n = 10). (F) PPD dose-dependently improved exercise performance in mice. After daily p.o. administration for 3 weeks, the mice were subjected to the weight-loaded swimming test. The swimming endurance time was recorded from the beginning to exhaustion (mean ± SEM, n = 10). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honest post hoc analysis. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 vs. control; & P = 0.079 vs. control. ANOVA, analysis of variance; CK-MM, muscle-type creatine kinase; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PCr, phosphocreatine; PPD, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol; PPT, protopanaxatriol; SEM, standard error of mean.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies included rabbit polyclonal anti–CK-MM (1:2000; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) and rabbit polyclonal anti–β-tubulin (1:500; Proteintech, PA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Purification, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Fabrication Scaffold with High Dimensional Control for Spheroids with Undifferentiated iPS Cell Properties

doi: 10.3390/cells12020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescent immunostaining results of the multidifferentiation abilities. Blue coloration shows where the cells localize, and they emit green or red (FOXA2, SOX17, PAX2, cardiac Troponin T, OTX2, OCT4, β tubulin) depending on the localization of each protein.

Article Snippet: MA, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-TRA-1-81 (1:1000; 4745, CST), mouse monoclonal anti-SSEA4 (1:1000; 4755, CST), rabbit anti-NANOG (1:500; 4903, CST), rabbit monoclonal anti-FOXA2/HNF3β (1:400; 8186S, CST), and mouse monoclonal anti-SOX17 (1:100; TA500044, Origene, Rockville, MD, USA) as early endoderm markers, rabbit polyclonal anti-Cardiac Troponin T (1:100; 15513-1-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA) and mouse monoclonal anti-PAX2 (1:100; MBS4380650, MyBioSourse, San Diego, CA, USA) as early ectoderm markers, and goat polyclonal anti-OTX2 (1:100; SC031B, R & D systems) and rabbit monoclonal anti-β Tubulin (1:100; 80713-1-RR, Proteintech) as early ectoderm markers.

Techniques: Immunostaining